January to May: Prime Minister Menzies visits wartime England to put Australia's claims for help in the Pacific. He travels via Penang, Bangkok, Rangoon, Calcutta and Cairo, and visits RAN vessels in Alexandria harbour. Menzies inspects Bardia, Tobruk and Benghazi from the air, and visits Australian troops who played a major part in the North African victories.
Menzies flies on to England via Khartoum, Lagos and Lisbon, to attend Churchill's War Cabinet in London for ten weeks. He holds talks with ministers, civil servants and English leaders.
On the return trip he visits the USA to deliver speeches in New York, Washington and Chicago.

"Like you Americans, we Australians like to lead a life of our own … but this war is not about the politics of Europe but the politics of the human race."
Mr Menzies makes this remark to a circle of newspapermen on his arrival in New York.

TRANSCRIPT OF PRESS CONFERENCE FILM

PRIME MINISTER MENZIES SPEAKING TO THE PRESS ON HIS RETURN FROM WARTIME ENGLAND:

"I come back to Australia with just one sick feeling in my heart and that is that I must now come back to my own country and play politics.

I think that it's a diabolical thing that anybody should have to come back and play politics - however cleanly, however friendly - at a time like this."

A diary kept by Robert Menzies of his experiences during the trip was published as Dark and Hurrying Days. It was a grim time when British cities were enduring heavy bombing and German invasion seemed imminent.
National Library: "Dark and Hurrying Days; Menzies' 1941", ed A W Martin and P Hardy.

August: Dissension in the United Australia Party-Country Party coalition leads to Menzies' resignation as Prime Minister on August 28. Menzies retains his position in an unchanged Ministry, but loses the UAP leadership to W M Hughes. Despite the coalition instability, Menzies government has prepared the nation for war.

June: Prime Minister Menzies delivers a speech placing Australia on a total war footing. Plans include the restructure of federal cabinet; petrol restrictions; control of rail, road and sea transport; strengthening of the defence forces and increasing the workforce by the inclusion of women.

Formation of the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force (March), Women's Royal Australian Naval Service (April) and Australian Women's Army Service (August).

July: The child endowment scheme is to be paid for each child under 16 years except the first.

Fadden Government, August 28. The Menzies UAP-Country Party coalition government resigns when Independents withdraw their support.

Curtin Government, October 7.

Attorney-General H V Evatt accepts Communist assurances of cooperation in the war effort and removes the ban which PM Menzies had placed on the Communist Party for security reasons in 1940.

November: HMAS Sydney is sunk by a German raiding ship Kormoran off Carnarvon, Western Australia. Disguised as a Dutch merchantman, at a distance of 1.6 km Kormoran hoisted her German colours and within seconds scored a hit on HMAS Sydney. None of her crew of 645 survived.

December 8: War is declared against Japan after Japanese attacks across Southeast Asia and the Pacific. The war became a real and present threat to Australia's security.   Army enlistment rises sharply after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbour on 7 December.

December 26: Prime Minister Curtin's press statement after the defeat of British naval power in SE Asia states: "Australia looks to America, free of any pangs as to our traditional links or kinship with the United Kingdom."

The Melbourne Cup horse race is held on a Saturday.

Prime Minister Menzies addressing Australian troops in the Middle East 2

PM Menzies in London addressing a press conference about Australia's war effort 2

August: UK Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill and USA President Franklin D Roosevelt meet in utmost secrecy on ships in the Atlantic and draft a document that expresses the shared political principles of the United States and Britain - the Atlantic Charter. The Declaration by United Nations is signed in 1942 by 26 governments stating their adherence to the charter and later forms the basis of the UN organisation.

September: Nationalist leader Ho Chi Minh forms the Vietnam Independence League, the Viet-Minh.

December 7: 360 Japanese warplanes attack the US fleet at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii leading to the extension of World War II to the Pacific. More than 2,400 people are killed. The attack ends a long struggle by isolationist forces in the US to stay out of the war.

December: Japan invades the Philippines, takes Hong Kong and lands troops in Malaya.

Britain introduces severe rationing and applies conscription to women.

The film Citizen Kane, directed by and starring Orson Welles, screens in New York.